Debt vs. Income: What You Need to Know
Income is a crucial component lenders consider when granting you a mortgage. However, income is not all that a lender will consider when determining how much you qualify for. They will also look at your debt to income ratio, in addition to other financial indicators.
If you make a lot of money but also have a lot of debt, this could be a red flag to lenders and reduce your borrowing capacity.
How debt & income affect your mortgage
Income and debt are yin and yang, opposites of each other. Debt is a liability, whereas the more income you have, the more power you have to make those liabilities go away. Having more income also gives more control of the following.
- It allows you to prepay your mortgage faster.
- It allows you to qualify for more when buying a home.
- It allows you to move into a shorter and more aggressive debt pay-down structure such as a 15-year fixed-rate mortgage.
- It allows you to pay off your credit cards in full every month, rather than paying unnecessary and pricey interest (assuming you’re making smart financial choices).
- It allows you to consume smart debt, such as purchasing a rental property that can generate even more income.
- It allows you to make investments, generating more income.
- It allows you to save and plan for the future.
Having this control over these and other financial choices is precisely why it is CRUCIAL to carry a debt-to-income ratio no bigger than 36% of your gross monthly income. The goal when borrowing mortgage money is to put yourself in a position where you can have a life beyond paying it off, while still saving and contributing to your retirement savings.
What you need to consider before you buy
Always remember it takes $2 of income to offset every $1 of debt for a 2:1 ratio for mortgage qualifying purposes.
If you want that fancy Mercedes at an $800 per month car payment, then you’ll need $19,200 a year in extra income or you’ll need to cut a current debt payment of $800 to balance your debt-to-income ratio.
If you want the dream house at $3,500 month, then aim your debt-to-income ratio at 36%—meaning you would ideally want income at $117,000 a year without carrying other consumer obligations in order to afford this mortgage.
When you are thinking about buying a home, also remember to consider what the future holds for your finances. For example, if your monthly expenses will likely increase in the future due to expenses like childcare costs or college tuition, this is something important to keep in mind. By keeping your debt to income ratio below 36% of your gross monthly income, you’ll put yourself in a position to enjoy your new home but also be able to continue saving for your future.
Divorce? The 5 Worst Money Mistakes
Written by Guest blogger: Leslie Thompson
During a divorce, a spouse who hasn’t been involved in the family’s finances can often be at a disadvantage during settlement negotiations. That’s why it’s so important for both spouses in the process of dissolving their marriage to understand their post-divorce financial needs and their current financial situation.
The following five items are often overlooked as part of the settlement process, but they’re vital areas to address:
- Cash flow needs
Understanding your need for immediate cash flow is extremely important in determining which assets would be the most beneficial for you to receive in the divorce. If immediate cash flow is a concern, the most valuable assets for you are ones you could sell easily and quickly (so-called liquid accounts), such as stocks, bonds, mutual funds and possibly Roth retirement accounts.
If immediate cash flow is not an issue, a combination of assets with various degrees of liquidity (taxable and retirement plan accounts) will likely be more beneficial long-term.
- Joint liabilities
Just because you agree to split a liability does not mean that the lender will honor your property-settlement agreement. Mortgages will need to be refinanced (if possible), any outstanding tax liabilities on jointly-filed returns will need to be paid and jointly-held credit cards will need to be canceled.
It is important that all liabilities are settled before completing a divorce, either by paying them off or by transferring them to the spouse taking responsibility for the debt.
It is also a good idea to run a credit report to determine if there are any outstanding debts that need to be addressed before settlement.
By securing proof that all liabilities have been settled before the divorce finalization, you’ll avoid an unpleasant surprise when a creditor demands payment from you for a liability that you thought had been settled.
- Taxes on assets
It’s critical to review the tax impact of your investments when evaluating the division of your assets. While two assets or investment accounts may have equal dollar values, their economic value could be vastly different when taxes are factored in.
For example, Roth IRA and Roth 401(k) accounts are funded with after-tax dollars; their future growth and distributions are tax-free. On the other hand, traditional 401(k)s and deductible IRAs are funded with pretax dollars and when you withdraw money from them, taxes will be due on both the amount you contributed and the growth of the investments. As such, Roths have a higher economic value than non-Roth 401(k) or deductible IRAs because they won’t be reduced by future taxes.
If you are younger than 59 and a half, you will pay income tax on withdrawals from non-Roth retirement accounts and possibly a 10% tax penalty. But you can avoid the 10% penalty if the distribution occurs within 12 months following a divorce.
You’ll also want to think about any unrealized capital gains on your taxable investments, since taxes will be due someday. Keep in mind that the first $250,000 of gain from the sale of a principal residence is sheltered from tax.
- Past tax returns
It’s a good idea to review the past three to five years of the tax returns you filed as a married couple. Aside from showing you how much income you two had in a given year, you’ll see whether there are any assets on the settlement agreement or if there are what are known as “tax assets” that need to be considered in the negotiation — such as capital loss carry-forwards, charitable contribution carry-forwards or net-operating losses.
“Tax assets” provide the user a reduction in future taxes and should be considered an asset when splitting the marital estate. But left unresolved, they can cause confusion or errors when filing future tax returns.
- Division of retirement assets
Retirement assets typically represent a large portion of a couple’s net worth and there are special rules to allow for the transfer to be tax-free. You’ll want to make sure the intricacies of these transfers are handled with care.
The divorce decree should specify that any IRA is to be treated as a “transfer incident to divorce” to avoid having the transfer classified as a taxable distribution. Be sure to determine if any basis exists from after-tax contributions made to the IRA — an amount that will be tax-free when distributed. (Consult a tax adviser on this.)
Employer-sponsored retirement plans transfer through a qualified domestic relations order, which requires specific information and approval by the court and plan administrator to allow for a tax-free qualified transfer.
Leslie Thompson is Managing Principal of Spectrum Management Group in Indianapolis. With over 20 years of financial industry experience, she has holds the Chartered Financial Analyst, Certified Divorce Financial Analyst and Certified Public Accountant designations.
*This blog is for information purposes only. Derek Parent and NFM, Inc. accept no liability for its content. Please consult a tax adviser or legal counsel for more information.*
Trick Your Brain into Saving a Down Payment
Follow these 5 strategies to ensure you meet your long-term goals.
Why is it so difficult to stick with a long-term savings plan even when we truly consider our future goals to be just as important as — if not more than — our current desires? Chalk it up to our hardwiring: The rational side of the brain is often drowned out by the emotional side. Good news: It’s possible to outsmart those (very persuasive) instincts that encourage us to spend even when we know we should be saving.
Here’s how to save money for a down payment — or any other long-term savings goal — without letting those instincts get in the way.
Make it hard to spend
If your money is hard to get to, those impulse buys won’t be as easy to make. Put up some roadblocks by moving your savings from your checking account into a separate account that doesn’t have a debit card attached. Better yet, if you’ve got a separate emergency fund and you’re comfortable with not being able to access it immediately, move it into a money market account or other account with a higher interest rate and forget about it (unless you’re adding to the bottom line, of course).
Automate your savings
Take the task of saving out of your control and set up an automated account that diverts a certain amount of your income each month into a savings account. Because it removes the rationalization factor (“Should I save this month or skip it?”), it also removes the emotional act of negotiating with yourself.
Create specific goals and set reminders
Avoid settling for immediate gratification by forcing yourself to acknowledge your long-term goal regularly. Try posting a picture of your dream home in a highly visible area, pinning some money-saving quotes on your Pinterest board, or creating a clear savings timeline with specific number-based savings goals and saving it to your desktop to update with your daily progress.
Match impulse buys with an equal amount into your savings
Computers and smartphones make spending an ever-present option. Spending shouldn’t be forbidden. Instead, skew the act of spending to your favor. So you really want those new boots? Match that spending with an equal contribution to your down payment.
Sometimes the pain of doubling a cost is enough to deter a purchase. In the case you still choose to spend, the matched contribution ensures that at the very least you’re still taking measures to save.
Put away any unexpected savings
Can’t turn down a great sale? To piggyback a good habit onto any impulse purchase, take the sum that was discounted on your sale item and add it to your down payment savings account.
4 Financial Benefits to Buying a Home
Mortgage rates are still at historic lows, and there's no denying that now is a great time to purchase a home. Here are four reasons why it makes a lot of financial sense.
1) Homeownership Builds Wealth Over Time
Most of us were taught growing up that owning a home is financially savvy. Although that confidence was shaken during the economical turbulence of recent years, real estate is still proving to be a great long-term investment.
2) You Build Equity Every Month
Your equity in your home is the amount of money you can sell it for minus what you still owe on it. Every month you make a mortgage payment, and every month a portion of what you pay reduces the amount you owe. That reduction of your mortgage every month increases your equity.
3) A Mortgage is Like a Forced Savings Plan
Paying that mortgage every month and reducing the amount of your principal is like a forced savings plan. Each month you are building up more valuable equity in your home. In a sense, you are being forced to save and that's a good thing.
4) Long Term, Renting is Cheaper Than Buying
In the first years it may be cheaper to rent. But over time as the interest portion of your mortgage payment decreases, the interest that you pay will eventually be lower than the rent you would have been paying. But more important, you are not throwing away all that money on rent. You have to live somewhere, so instead of paying off your landlord's home or building, you're paying off your own!